20多岁也患膀胱癌? 注意4大无声警号 医生揭小便频繁/感灼热高危
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膀胱癌一般常见于中年男性,不过有外国医生指出,20多岁的女性患膀胱癌其实并不罕见,虽然这类患者在确诊前曾出现小便带血的症状,不过总以为只是尿道感染而轻视病情。该医生提醒,女士必须注意小便带血等4大膀胱癌无声警号,即使第1次出现血尿,都应进行详细的尿液检查。
20多岁也患膀胱癌?注意4大无声警号
综合外媒报道,专门研究泌尿系统癌症的医生Alison Birtle指出,人们普遍认为年轻女性不会患膀胱癌,因此当不少女性发现自己出现血尿时,求医经常被误诊断为泌尿道感染、更年期症状或妇科问题,很多时候都会忽略膀胱癌的风险,因而没有进行尿液检查。
不过,Alison Birtle医生表示,其实过去曾经治疗过许多20多岁和30多岁的膀胱癌女性,年轻女性患上膀胱癌其实并不罕见。因此医生呼吁女士要多注意以下4大膀胱癌无声警号,避免当成普通感染。
膀胱癌有何无声警号?
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膀胱癌4大无声警号 勿当普通感染
- 尿中带血,通常是无痛的
- 尿频
- 突然有尿意
- 排尿时有灼热感
年轻女性风险低?20多岁也会患膀胱癌
外国膀胱癌病人组织“Fight Bladder Cancer”总裁Lydia Makaroff博士表示,女性确诊膀胱癌的时间比男性更长,尤其年轻女性等待的时间最长。很多女患者在普通科门诊求医时,没有经过尿液检查,被误当成泌尿道感染并直接处方抗生素治疗,即使下次再因为“感染”求诊,情况也一样。
Alison Birtle医生亦指出,当女患者出现了1次血尿问题,就应该被转介到专科进行详细检查,以及早确诊膀胱癌,避免延误治疗时机。
【同场加映】膀胱癌还有哪些征状
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膀胱癌5大高危因素 常染发者风险更高
至于膀胱癌的男性及女性风险,根据香港医管局资料,香港男性患者明显比女性多,比例约为3比1,常见于55至70岁的人士身上,经常使用染发剂者,风险也会上升。各种高危因素如下:
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膀胱癌5大高危人士
医管局资料指出,除了男性风险较高,吸烟者、经常接触化学物质的人、经常患膀胱炎的人,以及直系亲属曾患上膀胱癌者,也属于高危一族。医管局又提醒,如果在早期被发现,治愈率很高,惟特别容易复发,提醒曾患膀胱癌的人士要定期跟进检查。
常染发可致膀胱癌 多做2事助排毒减风险
经常染发会增加患膀胱癌机率?家医科医生王健宇曾讲解染发的致癌风险。他提醒,如果水溶性染发颜料接触到头皮,可能会被吸收到血液内,经过肾脏代谢后进入尿液。当含有化学物质的尿液长时间留在膀胱,就会导致膀胱癌。建议在染发前后应做以下2件事,以减低风险:
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膀胱癌检查和诊断方法
如果怀疑自己患上膀胱癌,应尽行什么检查?医管局表示,医生会建议验尿,男士并会检查直肠,女士则检查直肠和阴道。尿液样本会被送到化验所,在显微镜下观看有没有癌细胞。需要时,泌尿科医生会安排以下的进一步检验:
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预防膀胱癌6大方法
如何将患膀胱癌风险尽可能降低?医管局建议注意以下6点,包括饮食及接触化学物质时的防护措施,有助预防膀胱癌。
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6大方法预防膀胱癌
- 减少吸烟,拒吸二手烟
- 少吃醃制或含防腐剂的食物
- 每天多喝清水
- 多吃水果及绿叶蔬菜
- 少接触染剂及有机溶剂
- 从事纺织、染发、皮革、化学、农业、印刷业的人,工作时要做好防护措施 (如戴手套、口罩、穿雨鞋等),并定期进行健康检查
T10
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